Guides & resources
Practical articles on digital evidence and IT expert reports in Spain.
How to submit WhatsApp messages as evidence in Spanish courts
Screenshots, notarial records or an expert report: what works and what doesn't when submitting WhatsApp conversations as evidence in Spain.
Read the guide →Digital chain of custody: what it is and why it can make or break your evidence
What the chain of custody for digital evidence is, how it is documented with hash functions, and which mistakes can lead a court to reject evidence.
Read the guide →When you need an IT expert witness in Spain and how to choose one
Party-appointed or court-appointed expert, when to commission an IT expert report and what to check before hiring an expert witness in Spain.
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